Kashif Zaheer Kamboh (Writer did his M Phil in public policies and currently working as a research and Policy Analyst in an Islamabad based think tank)
On 28th October 1947 Chief of Indian Army Field Marshall Auchinkleck
explicitly stated that, “I have no hesitation whatsoever in affirming
that the present Indian cabinet is implacably determined to do all in
their power to prevent the establishment of the dominion of Pakistan on a
firm basis”.
Indian foreign policy is highly influenced with the single agenda to
re-unite Indian and de-stable Pakistan on whatever cost. Clear policy
statement by Auchinkleck approximately two and half months after the
division of British India demonstrates ridiculous intentions. A
foundation stone and guiding slot of India’s foreign policy was to
de-stable Pakistan. An open aggression, ridiculous attitude,
hypocritical gesture and substantial negation to the Pakistan’s
assistance always served Akhand Bharat (Greater India) cause. Leaders of
ruling party in India started a campaign to reunite two newly born
states. Nehru-Beaton nexus went successful in creating fragile, delicate
and mouth eaten Pakistan. This was propagated by ruling party leaders
in India and analysts that, Pakistan will beg for reunion but
surprisingly this could never happened. There is an open threat and
worse intention to uphold monopoly in the foreign policy of India to
conspire and undo partition. Obviously an encounter policy to defend
motherland after the sacrifice of millions of lives was mandatory. Was
not it ?
Contrary to this Foreign policy of Pakistan was laid down by the
founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah . He bench-marked a peaceful way
foreword for foreign policy in following lines,
“Our foreign policy is one of the friendliness and goodwill towards
the nations of the world.We don’t cherish aggressive designs against any
country or nation. We believe the principle of honesty, and fair play
in national and international dealings and are prepared to make our
utmost contribution to the peace and promotion among the nations of the
world. Pakistan will never be found lacking in extending its material
and moral support to the oppressed and suppressed people of the world,
and in upholding the principles of the united nations charter”
This is one of the best outlay for any foreign policy laid down by
the creator of any nation. There is no hostility, materialistic approach
or prejudice for any nation including India.Clearly speaking, eastern
neighbor always remained with cryptic mind and politically obscure
towards newly established state Pakistan. There were number of factors
in Indian policy which compelled Pakistani policy makers to craft a
defensive foreign policy with an encounter effect and legitimate
resistant. Chain of events happened which pulled Pakistan’s foreign
policy in the existing shape. Indian government and political leadership
was hostile to Pakistan since its birth. After partition they withheld
all assets and funds by refusing to act upon partition plan. Mr Gandhi
intervened and used his influence for the release of Pakistani funds and
assets by accepting Pakistan as sovereign state. This was totally
parting of ways. Here government of India lead by Mr. Nehru and Mr.
Gandhi does have heir own and opposite directions. Indian social and
political environment was too aggressive and poisonous that, Mr Gandhi
was assassinated just due to his soft attitude and rational acceptance
to Pakistan. Congress and other extremists organizations like Rashtiriya
Saviyk Singh, BajrangDil were openly chanting slogans against Pakistan,
partition and Muslims.
After partition in 1947 Pakistan faced an uphill task as compared to
India. Pakistan was to rise form the scratch. British India was
partitioned into two new states Hindustan and Pakistan. But here
Hindustani leaders played a evil trick. Pakistani leaders tried to beat
this trick but went unable to get success. Hindustan declared herself as
India and kept all the international affiliations, assets, links and
associations. As a part of foreign policy India captured all the
embassies, their assets and staff working abroad. One of the big
association India kept was association of league of nations and United
nations. Pakistan had to start afresh and they started to open its
embassies across globe. More than 20 million people migrated across the
newly established international border. According to Pande more than 10
million Muslims migrated from India to Pakistan whereas 8 million Hindu
fled to Hindustan. Here one must remember Hindustan was 10 times
greater than Pakistan and they received more assets and less migrants.
Strategically Muslims were pushed towards Pakistani border in order to
create chaos and disorder for newly established state. Pushing Muslims
towards newly established estate was a part of whole game played by
congress to de-stable new born country.
On 15th August 1947 Junagardh acceded to Pakistan as a part and
parcel. Nawab of Junahgurdh sent a formal proposal to Governor General
of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah. After consulting with Liaquat Ali Khan
and other elders of Muslim League proposal was accepted. But Indian
military forces intervened and captured Junagardh. Pakistan took the
case to UNO and still pending. Another state Hyderabad was one of the
richest state in India. Nawab was thinking to declare independence but
later he decided to join Pakistan and sent proposal. Again here Indian
forces intervened and captured whole business of state. Thirdly Indian
army intervened and landed on Srinagar airport and other important
places of Kashmir. But this was not Junagardg or Hyderabad. Kashmir
proved a hard nut to crack and local Kashmirs revolted against this
genocidal intervention and liberated a part of Kashmir. Nehru took the
case to UNO and requested for plebiscite. If Pakistan is pleading the
cause of an oppressed nation then it doesn’t mean Pakistan is hostile to
India. Father of the nation Muhammad Ali Jinnah said, Kashmir is
unfinished agenda and jugular vain of Pakistan. This was not only about
Jinnah but other leaders like Liaquat Ali Khan said Kashmir as cardinal
belief of every Pakistani. Later on Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto raised voice for
Kashmir as an integral part of Pakistan. Encroaching these states put
Pakistani policy makers to enhance their relations with those countries
who can support their agenda at UNO.
Hostile, xenophobic and Chankya’s vision based Indian foreign policy
always tried to put Pakistan under its influence by using every sort of
tact, no matter bad or worse. In September 1949 India devalued rupee
and asked Pakistan to devalue her currency. Pakistan decided not to
follow this episode by declaring herself an independent and sovereign
state. Indians got aggressive and cut down supply of coal to Pakistan.
This ceased most important and mandatory icon of communication and
transportation. At that time Pakistan railways was the major source of
transportation and trade. They not only cut down the most important coal
supply but also trade between India and Pakistan.This ultimately
activated Pakistani foreign policy makers to keep in eye this sort of
action while crafting policy and relations with eastern neighbor.
In 1950 Indian military moved towards Punjab borders with an alarming
situation and threat to capture Punjab. Whole situation was recapped in
1965 more intensity and pressure. This lead Pakistani foreign policy
stakeholders to go for new option to defend country form any
intervention from India as happened in the case of Junagardh, Hyderabad
and Kashmir. In September 1965 Indian army crossed international
boundary line and attacked on Pakistan. Some writers put the onus of
starting 1965 war on Bhutto, unmindful of the fact that they are
branding Pakistan as the aggressor. However, the matter of the fact is,
that the 1965 Indo-Pakistan war did not begin with Operation Gibraltar.
It began much earlier when India occupied Kargil in 16-17 May 1965.
Operation Gibraltar was launched three months after that on 5 August
1965.
Later on 1971 was another big intervention and violation of
international rules by Indians across border based on their Arthshaster
based guide line. They trained, weaponized and launched terrorist groups
like Mukti Bahni ( Militant Groups) in order to create violence and
anarchy in eastern Pakistan. In running year while visiting Bangladesh
Modi himself admitted that India was behind this conspiracy. During his
visits to China, UAE, and USA, anti-Pakistan sentiment and aggressive
tune was indicating foot prints of attitude of Indian establishment
towards Pakistan. Even in their local and provincial election campaigns
in Bihar, Uterpardaish, and Delhi where BJP’s Modi poisoned the whole
environment by repeating his open intentions. A practical substantial
intervention is rising day by day due to rigid, extremist and non
cooperative stance in Indian tune.
Here I would like to mention about history that, it can’t be totally
erased. One can alter, modify, articulate any event in his favor but
reality shouts louder to show its presence. There is no full stop in
Indian interventions in Pakistan since its inception. Pakistan always
come up with defensive and conciliation policy whereas eastern neighbor
renamed offensive, recently cold start doctrine was replied with the
advent of short range, technical nuclear weapons. Based upon the above
discussed facts and figures one is free to create his own real opinion.
One thing about Pakistan’s foreign policy is true that, it is defensive
to Indian intervention and legitimate resistance to their foreign
policy in the region and globe. It seems Indian policy makers are
completely unaware about ground realities. They ought to realize the
unfolding of 21st century and Pakistan’s sovereign status. Regarding
reunion of India Jinnah said, there is no power on earth that can undo
Pakistan.
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